Here’s a concise summary of the paper titled “Integrating Variable Renewable Energy: Challenges and Solutions” by L. Bird, M. Milligan, and D. Lew¹:
This article explores renewable energy integration challenges and mitigation strategies that have been implemented in the U.S. and internationally. Key topics covered include:
1. **Wind and Solar Power Variability**: As the number of photovoltaic power plants increases, their normalized aggregate output becomes smoother.
2. **Challenges Variable Renewable Energy Poses to the Grid**: Wind energy requires additional flexibility from remaining generators.
3. **Impacts to Fossil-Fueled Generators**: The integration of variable renewable energy affects fossil-fueled generators.
4. **Addressing Integration Challenges**: Strategies include advanced forecasting, operational practices (such as fast scheduling and dispatch), demand response, and flexible generation sources.
